However, the distant verbal conversation of the Turing test is a sophisticated form of interaction, quite different from more basic and typical social exchanges that normally take place among people.
If participants cannot tell apart whether they are communicating with a machine or a human being, Turing reasoned, it must be because the machine exhibits intelligence. The interaction took place by means of exchanging computer screen messages between the human and the machine, both located in separate rooms. In the so-called “Turing test,” participants were challenged to tell whether they were interacting with another human being or with a machine. For a machine to pass this minimal Turing test, it should be able to generate this sort of reciprocal contingencies.Īlan Turing proposed a famous test in order to study whether machines can exhibit intelligent behavior ( Turing, 1950). Analysis of participants’ explicit responses and of the implicit information subsumed in the dynamics of their series will reveal evidence that participants use the reciprocal sensorimotor contingencies within short time windows. In each block, either auditory or audiovisual feedback was provided along each trial. In two studies, we presented participants with movements of a human agent, either online or offline, and movements of a computerized oscillatory agent in three different blocks. Using a new version of the perceptual crossing paradigm, we tested whether participants resorted to interaction detection to tell apart human from machine agents in repeated encounters with these agents. Therefore, we designed a “minimal” Turing test to investigate how much information is required to detect these reciprocal sensorimotor contingencies.
When I notice both components, I come to experience an interaction. I react to your movement, you react to mine. In other words, the experience of interaction takes place when sensorimotor patterns are contingent upon one’s own movements, and vice versa. Our idea is that interaction detection requires the integration of proprioceptive and interoceptive patterns with sensorimotor patterns, within quite short time lapses, so that they appear as mutually contingent, as reciprocal. Basic forms of interaction are face-to-face and embodied, context-dependent and based on the detection of reciprocal sensorimotor contingencies. The way the interaction takes place is not direct, but a distant conversation through computer screen messages. In the classical Turing test, participants are challenged to tell whether they are interacting with another human being or with a machine.
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